JDS Journal of Data Science 1683-8602 1680-743X 1680-743X School of Statistics, Renmin University of China JDS1005 10.6339/21-JDS1005 Data Science in Action Five Critical Genes Related to Seven COVID-19 Subtypes: A Data Science Discovery https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2615-1539 ZhangZhengjunzjz@stat.wisc.edu1∗ Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA Email: zjz@stat.wisc.edu. 2021322021 191142150 Supplementary Material

Outcome Table 1 is in a supplementary file available online. A Matlab® demo code for solving Equation (4) is also available.

 122020 12021 2021 The Author(s). Published by the School of Statistics and the Center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China.2021 Open access article under the CC BY license.

Since the first confirmed case of COVID-19 was identified in December 2019, the total COVID-19 patients are up to 80,675,745, and the number of deaths is 1,764,185 as of December 27, 2020. The problem is that researchers are still learning about it, and new variants of SARS-CoV-2 are not stopping. For medical treatment, essential and informative genes can lead to accurate tests of whether an individual has contracted COVID-19 and help develop highly efficient vaccines, antiviral drugs, and treatments. As a result, identifying critical genes related to COVID-19 has been an urgent task for medical researchers. We conducted a competing risk analysis using the max-linear logistic regression model to analyze 126 blood samples from COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients. Our research led to a competing COVID-19 risk classifier derived from 19,472 genes and their differential expression values. The final classifier model only involves five critical genes, ABCB6, KIAA1614, MND1, SMG1, RIPK3, which led to 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity of the 126 samples. Given their 100% accuracy in predicting COVID-19 positive or negative status, these five genes can be critical in developing proper, focused, and accurate COVID-19 testing procedures, guiding the second-generation vaccine development, studying antiviral drugs and treatments. It is expected that these five genes can motivate numerous new COVID-19 researches.

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