JDS Journal of Data Science 1683-86021680-743X1680-743X School of Statistics, Renmin University of China JDS1172 10.6339/25-JDS1172 Statistical Data Science Rejoinder: “Power Priors for Leveraging Historical Data: Looking Back and Looking Forward”✩,✩✩ ChenMing-Huiming-hui.chen@uconn.edu∗ GuanZhe LinMin SunMax Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4120, United States

Data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database (adni.loni.usc.edu). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of ADNI investigators can be found at: http://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Acknowledgement_List.pdf

Main article: https://doi.org/10.6339/24-JDS1161.

Corresponding author. Email: ming-hui.chen@uconn.edu. 2025422025231646925120252812025 2025 The Author(s). Published by the School of Statistics and the Center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China.2025 Open access article under the CC BY license. References Baron E, Lin M, Zhu J, Tang RS, Chen MH (2024). Enhancing randomized controlled trials: A Bayesian divide-and-conquer approach for borrowing external control data. Statistics in Biosciences, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12561-024-09465-2. Best N, Price RG, Pouliquen IJ, Keene ON (2021). Assessing efficacy in important subgroups in confirmatory trials: An example using Bayesian dynamic borrowing. Pharmaceutical Statistics, 20(3): 551–562. https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.2093 Blei DM, Kucukelbir A, McAuliffe JD (2017). Variational inference: A review for statisticians. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 112(518): 859–877. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2017.1285773 Chen MH, Guan Z, Lin M, Sun M (2025). Power priors for leveraging historical data: Looking back and looking forward. Journal of Data Science, 23(1): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.6339/24-JDS1161 Gamalo MA, Tiwari RC, LaVange LM (2014). Bayesian approach to the design and analysis of non-inferiority trials for anti-infective products. Pharmaceutical Statistics, 13(1): 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.1588 Simpson EH (1951). The interpretation of interaction in contingency tables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B (Methodological), 13(2): 238–241. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1951.tb00088.x Xie M, Liu RY, Damaraju CV, Olson WH (2013). Incorporating external information in analyses of clinical trials with binary outcomes. Annals of Applied Statistics, 7(1): 342–368. https://doi.org/10.1214/12-AOAS585