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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JDS</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Data Science</journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1683-8602</issn><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-743X</issn><issn-l>1680-743X</issn-l>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>School of Statistics, Renmin University of China</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JDS1141</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.6339/24-JDS1141</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Data Science in Action</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Visual Analytics for NASCAR Motorsports</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Bastin</surname><given-names>Kornelia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_jds1141_aff_001">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2617-8638</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Healey</surname><given-names>Christopher G.</given-names></name><email xlink:href="mailto:healey@ncsu.edu">healey@ncsu.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_jds1141_aff_001">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">∗</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="j_jds1141_aff_001"><label>1</label>Department of Computer Science, <institution>North Carolina State University</institution>, Raleigh, NC, <country>USA</country></aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Corresponding author. Email: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="mailto:healey@ncsu.edu">healey@ncsu.edu</ext-link>.</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>2</day><month>7</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>149</fpage><lpage>170</lpage><supplementary-material id="S1" content-type="archive" xlink:href="jds1141_s001.zip" mimetype="application" mime-subtype="x-zip-compressed">
<caption>
<title>Supplementary Material</title>
<p>Python code for: (1) processing the transcribed driver–pit crew text, and (2) generating a web-based visualization of important events for a user-selected race and one or more drivers have been uploaded to the GitHub repository <uri>https://github.com/cghealey/JDS</uri>. Instructions on how to run the code are shown in the <monospace>README.md</monospace> file.</p>
</caption>
</supplementary-material><history><date date-type="received"><day>4</day><month>2</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>7</day><month>6</month><year>2024</year></date></history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>2025 The Author(s). Published by the School of Statistics and the Center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<license-p>Open access article under the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY</ext-link> license.</license-p></license></permissions>
<abstract>
<p>The National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) is ranked among the top ten most popular sports in the United States. NASCAR events are characterized by on-track racing punctuated by <italic>pit stops</italic> since cars must refuel, replace tires, and modify their setup throughout a race. A well-executed pit stop can allow drivers to gain multiple seconds on their opponents. Strategies around <italic>when</italic> to pit and <italic>what</italic> to perform during a pit stop are under constant evaluation. One currently unexplored area is publically available communication between each driver and their pit crew during the race. Due to the many hours of audio, manual analysis of even one driver’s communications is prohibitive. We propose a fully automated approach to analyze driver–pit crew communication. Our work was conducted in collaboration with NASCAR domain experts. Audio communication is converted to text and summarized using cluster-based Latent Dirichlet Analysis to provide an overview of a driver’s race performance. The transcript is then analyzed to extract important events related to pit stops and driving balance: understeer (pushing) or oversteer (over-rotating). Named entity recognition (NER) and relationship extraction provide context to each event. A combination of the race summary, events, and real-time race data provided by NASCAR are presented using Sankey visualizations. Statistical analysis and evaluation by our domain expert collaborators confirmed we can accurately identify important race events and driver interactions, presented in a novel way to provide useful, important, and efficient summaries and event highlights for race preparation and in-race decision-making.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<label>Keywords</label>
<kwd>analytics</kwd>
<kwd>natural language processing</kwd>
<kwd>speech-to-text</kwd>
<kwd>visualization</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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