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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JDS</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Data Science</journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1683-8602</issn><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-743X</issn><issn-l>1680-743X</issn-l>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>School of Statistics, Renmin University of China</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JDS1101</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.6339/23-JDS1101</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Statistical Data Science</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>A Time To Event Framework For Multi-touch Attribution</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Shender</surname><given-names>Dinah</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_jds1101_aff_001">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Nasiri Amini</surname><given-names>Ali</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_jds1101_aff_001">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Bao</surname><given-names>Xinlong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_jds1101_aff_001">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Dikmen</surname><given-names>Mert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_jds1101_aff_001">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Jing</given-names></name><email xlink:href="mailto:jiwang@google.com">jiwang@google.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_jds1101_aff_001">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">∗</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Richardson Fricke</surname><given-names>Amy</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_jds1101_aff_001"/><xref ref-type="fn" rid="j_jds1101_fn_001">†</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="j_jds1101_aff_001"><label>1</label><institution>Google</institution>, Mountain View, CA, <country>USA</country></aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Corresponding author. Email: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="mailto:jiwang@google.com">jiwang@google.com</ext-link>.</corresp><fn id="j_jds1101_fn_001"><label>†</label>
<p>Author was at Google when work was done.</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>5</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><supplementary-material id="S1" content-type="archive" xlink:href="jds1101_s001.zip" mimetype="application" mime-subtype="x-zip-compressed">
<caption>
<title>Supplementary Material</title>
<p>The supplementary material contains three files. The first is a PDF with additional technical material: In Appendix A we prove a result about <inline-formula id="j_jds1101_ineq_001"><alternatives><mml:math>
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<mml:mo fence="true" stretchy="false">]</mml:mo></mml:math><tex-math><![CDATA[$E[NormalizedCredit(j)]$]]></tex-math></alternatives></inline-formula> mentioned in section 3.2.1 of the main text. In Appendix B we give a detailed discussion of the similarities and differences between Backwards Elimination (our proposed attribution method) and Shapley Values, another commonly used method. In Appendix C, we present additional simulation scenarios and their results.</p>
<p>The other two files are a data file, data.csv, with sample data used in our simulations, and a README file with a detailed description of the data. We do not include code to replicate the simulation results. While our method can be applied using standard Poisson regression methods, our simulation framework is tightly integrated with our production environment and our proprietary data format. This makes sharing the code impractical.</p>
</caption>
</supplementary-material><history><date date-type="received"><day>3</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>22</day><month>4</month><year>2023</year></date></history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>2024 The Author(s). Published by the School of Statistics and the Center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<license-p>Open access article under the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY</ext-link> license.</license-p></license></permissions>
<abstract>
<p>Multi-touch attribution (MTA) estimates the relative contributions of the multiple ads a user may see prior to any observed conversions. Increasingly, advertisers also want to base budget and bidding decisions on these attributions, spending more on ads that drive more conversions. We describe two requirements for an MTA system to be suitable for this application: First, it must be able to handle continuously updated and incomplete data. Second, it must be sufficiently flexible to capture that an ad’s effect will change over time. We describe an MTA system, consisting of a model for user conversion behavior and a credit assignment algorithm, that satisfies these requirements. Our model for user conversion behavior treats conversions as occurrences in an inhomogeneous Poisson process, while our attribution algorithm is based on iteratively removing the last ad in the path.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<label>Keywords</label>
<kwd>data driven attribution</kwd>
<kwd>poisson process</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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